Swot on Japan

Japan SWOT Analysis Strengths: Economy- Economy has a long term positive impact on Japan, which will add to its value. The qualitative factor of economy will lead to a decrease in costs for Japan Japanese Biotechology- Hard working People- Sophisticated consumers with high purchasing power- They help Japan set trends and utilize latest technology. These customers tend to appreciate fashionable, name brand items that allow luxury goods makers to use their profits and knowledge of the Japanese consumer market to expand globally.Technology companies sell high tech and high priced goods to Japanese customers, which allows the entire country to utilize the latest technology. technology has a major correlation with productivity, so the more technology a country utilizes, the higher their productivity. Allied with the USA- Japan and the United States of America has a long relationship of cooperation that dates back to the Second World Ware. This cooperation protects Japan from military thre ats in the region. Japan is able to invest money meant for the military into other productive means that help support the economy.Universal Health Care System- The health care system in Japan provides healthcare services, including screening examinations, prenatal care and infectious disease control. The patients are responsible for 30% of these costs while the government pays the remaining 70%. Payment for personal medical services is offered through a universal healthcare insurance system that provides relative equality of access, with a fee set by a government committee. People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments. atients are free to select physicians or facilities of their choice and cannot be denied coverage. Hospitals, by law, must be run as non-profit and be managed by physicians. For-profit corporations are not allowed to won or operate hospitals. Clinics must be owned and operated by ph ysicians. World Class Education System- Japan's education system played a major role in enabling the country to meet the challenges presented by the need to quickly understand Western ideas, science, and technology.Japan has one of the highest standards of education and one of the highest literacy rates in the world. About 93% of children enter high school and nearly all of them graduate. Japan's Automobile Industry- It is said that Japan's automobile industry is ultimately their greatest strength. it plays a major role in the overall economy of Japan, and whether the current trend is up or down it has a direct correlation to the economy as a whole. Auto-related businesses provide one out of every ten jobs in Japan. A major part of Japan's work force is dependent on the automobile industry. Weakness:Declining Birth Rate- â€Å"The effects of a declining population can be adverse for an economy which has borrowed extensively for repayment by younger generations; however, a smaller h uman population has a smaller impact on the environment and on biodiversity. Economically declining populations are thought to lead to deflation, which has a number of effects. A declining population due to demographics will also be accompanied by population ageing which can contribute problems for a society. The decade long economic malaise of Japan and Germany is often linked to these demographic problems.The worst case scenario is a situation where the population falls too low a level to support a current social welfare economic system, which is more likely to occur with a rapid decline than with a more gradual one. The economies of Japan and went into recovery around the time their population just began to decline. In other words, both the total and per capita GDP in both countries grew more rapidly after 2005 than before. A declining population can also create a labor shortage, which can have a number of positive as well as negative effects.While some labor-intensive sectors of the economy may be hurt if the shortage is severe enough, others may adequately compensate by increased outsourcing and/or automation. Initially, the labor participation rates (which are low in many countries) can also be increased to temporarily reduce or delay the shortage. On the positive side, such a shortage increases the demand for labor, which can potentially result in a reduced unemployment rate as well as higher wages. As the birthrate in developed countries drops well below the â€Å"replacement rate† of 2. 1 children born to every woman, to somewhere between 1. and 1. 4 children — the declining population will have severe consequences in the near and distant future. Demographic decline causes anxiety because it is thought to go hand-in-hand with economic decline. With fewer, younger workers to pay the health and pension bills of an elderly population, states face an unprecedented fiscal burden. The dependency ratio of those aged 65 and over to those of work ing age looks set to double from one-to-four to one-to-two in 2050. † Natural Disasters- Female Managers in Japan- Only 8% of managers are female in Japan, whereas, they are 40% in America and 20% in China.This difference in female participation means Japan is only getting their ideas from men. The loss of creative ideas is a debilitation consequence of low female participation. Lost Cost of Capital in Japan-Japan's reliance on low cost of capital is hurting their economy. Japan's government institutions hand out money to try and revitalize ailing companies. These low interest payments result in a low cost of capital for struggling firms, but the negative is bad companies continue to operate like zombies. They aren't expanding or innovating, they are mostly struggling to stay alive.This system move money from the best ideas (new and fast moving companies) to ones that have been around the longest and are struggling. Reliance on Exports-Japan's reliance on exports could cause m any economic problems, because export earnings are very volatile. They are also subject to enormous international competition, which means they could easily lose to competition from China or any low expense locations around the world. Exports also depend on currency valuations, which happen to change very quickly and for unknown reasons.Opposition to Immigration-Japan passed the Immigration Control Act in 1990, but they still only issue visas to skilled workers. Ultimately, Japan passed the Immigration Control Act in 1990 which opened a side-door to ethnic Japanese living in other countries, allowing them to immigrate to Japan for the unspecified purpose of performing unskilled labor. Japan still does not issue visas to anyone but skilled workers. â€Å"Today's attitudes in Japan often remain decidedly negative towards immigrants, legal or otherwise, and new tighter controls are currently being drafted†, according to the Japan Times.Negative treatment of foreigners turns away potential benefit that countries obtain from immigration. New skills, cultures and ideas are plentiful in immigrant populations. Opposition to immigration decreases the chance that new ideas and skills increase the domestic production of a country. Long life expectancy-Japan is known to have the longest life expectancy anywhere in the world. Impressive statistics have been recorded across Japan, where life expectancy has increased dramatically in the past 80 years. In 1935, life expectancy was about 45. By 1950, it was 60.Today it is 85 for women and 78 for men. Japanese women live, on average, more than five years longer than those in the United States. Japanese men have more than four years on those in America. The number of centenarians in Japan has doubled in the past five years, and now stands at just over 20,000. Longer life expectancy and reduced fertility rates have contributed to population aging, with the latter cause dominating. Lower fertility initially reduces the depe ndency of the young on working-age adults, increasing the latter’s consumption possibilities.Over time, however, dependency of elders on working-age adults increases, as there are fewer adults entering the workforce. Combined with longer life expectancy, total dependency on adults will rise. This will reduce workers’ incentive to save, since the existence of fewer workers reduces return on investments. It will also strain public finances, as the need to fund social security will lead to higher payroll taxes. Simply put, an aging population implies that in the future there will be more retirees being supported by fewer workers.High Suicide Rate-Japan's grim reputation as one of the world's suicide nations has been confirmed by statistics that show more than 30,000 people a year have taken their own lives since figures first began to rise in 1998. The most common hour of death is 5am for men and noon for women, after their families have left for work or school. Japan has roughly half the population of the US, yet the same number of suicides. There's no single factor, but experts point to a combination of economic woes, poor mental-health resources, lack of religious prohibition, and cultural acceptance of the practice.Japan's high-interest loan system and historically strict bankruptcy laws may have contributed to this effect. But the Japanese suicide rate remains elevated, even though the economy has since recovered. Even before the recession, the rate was already a third higher than that of the United States. Bank Cross Holdings-Banks in many countries purchase share of countries in their home territory to speculate on share prices or to establish a stronger relationship with a client. These relationships are beneficial to the bank when share prices rise, but can hurt a bank when shares prices fall.Banks profit by lending money and an economy relies on bank lending to function. A decrease in bank lending is a restriction on the money flowing thro ugh the economy, therefore, the economy decreases, because there is less money. If the economy decreases, then generally, stock prices also decrease. When banks hold shares in other companies when those shares become less valuable, then banks have less money to lend, which further restricts the economy and causes share prices to decrease further. When banks hold shares in other ompanies during an economic recession, it causes the banks to restrict lending (because of shares decreases) just when the economy needs lending the most. Fiscal Budget Deficit-A budget deficit decreases the ability of a government to increase spending to stimulate the economy. Annual budget deficits increase the national debt, which increases the cost of borrowing. To pay off a deficit, the government will have to decreases spending are raise taxes; both hurt the economy Opportunities: Private Equity in Japan-The Private Equity industry has enormous potential in Japan.According to the Economist, â€Å"The c ountry teems with medium-sized firms with world-class technology that need to consolidate and globalize in order to grow. Japanese firms' return on equity is around half that of American and European firms. A generation of bosses who founded their firms after the war are ready to retire but lack successors. Fund managers estimate there are 500-1000 such companies, which is why they stick around. † Many fundamental issues exist in Japan that hurt the Private Equity industries potential to profit, but those issues will slowly fade away.Growth of the Private Equity industry in Japan will likely accelerate Pro-Reform Political Parties in Japan-Over two decades of economic stagnation is forcing political party changes. Parties that were in power for half a century are now out, while new parties are forming around the idea of increased growth, political reform and the end of deflation. A political shakeup in Japan could force many new reforms that fix the country's most glaring prob lems while positioning it for a more robust future.Freelance Cloud Workers-Freelance cloud workers go online to pitch their skills to millions of potential employers through interfaces that match potential employers with talented freelance workers about the world. Some people call these digital sweat shops, because they match workers all over the work with potential employers who pay only for the services they want at the lowest possible prices. From a pure economic standpoint, these outsource shops are lowering the cost of services, by outsourcing those services around the world.These lower cost help skilled employees to match up with employers who obtain better skills are lower prices. The benefits of international trade will now show up in services that are priced according to skill level. The flexibility and these sites and the ability to transcend borders makes freelance cloud working a powerful new engine of global growth. Instant Translation of Web Pages-The ability to transl ate web pages quickly and accurately may lead to a break down in the language barriers that separate commerce and social interaction between countries.Rapidly evolving technology is leading the way for computers that â€Å"learn† by analyzing documents that have been translated by humans. The possibility of instantly translating a web page, document or blogs may also become reality. Regular Japanese Workers- The Japanese call these â€Å"Regular Workers†, because they enjoy less benefits than union workers. However, Regular Workers are better for firms because they provide agility that is key in Japan's global fight against competition, especially with China. Emerging markets-Demand from emerging markets is helping growth and margins.Emerging markets create new opportunities to expand products from the developed world. Paper products, computer services and other industries will all benefit as emerging countries increase demand for industrial and agricultural products. Threats: Fiscal Austerity Programs-Many government around the world will have to cut spending and increase taxes to avoid fiscal deficits that increased during the financial crisis. These programs will decrease government spending in the economy, which will slow growth rates.Additionally, citizens will have less money and benefits to use in case of emergencies. The fear is that cuts might be so drastic that they hurt the economy Young Entrepreneurs Decreasing in Japan-According to Economist Magazine, â€Å"Since 2003, the proportion of young Japanese entering the labor force who want to be entrepreneurs has halved, to 14%, while those who seek lifetime employment has nearly doubled, to 57%. † The loss of entrepreneurs slows down a countries rate of growth, because entrepreneurs create the next generate of companies.Whaling Hurts Japan's Image-Whaling hurts Japan's image aboard because they go against a long-standing moratorium on commercial whaling. They catch whales under th e banner of â€Å"experiments†, but whale end up on dinner plates instead. This standing is causing tension with neighbors who all observe the ban. International tensions may interrupt trade negotiations with other countries that don't like what Japan is doing. It could also cause boycotts of Japanese goods in nations with concerned citizens. The damage to Japan's reputation may hurt it over the long term.Domestic Savings and Fiscal Debt-Japan's government debt is mostly serviced by the large domestic population of savings. These savers invest their money with the government and receive a very low increase rate in return. This rate is derived from the high demand for Japanese debt, but this trend might will change over time. As Japan's population ages, they will run down their savings and in turn, have less money to purchase Japanese debt. This decrease in demand will increase the interest rate paid by Japanese government.As interest rates increase, so will the threat of a fi scal crisis in Japan Zombie Companies-Japan has a long traditional of supporting smaller companies to the detriment of the health of larger companies. The â€Å"Convoy System† allows small market share for small firm, so they don't disappear, while larger firms are given the ability to quickly expand and compete. The interference of capitalism results in less efficiencies across the entire market and results in less profits for larger firms. 5 P's of Marketing Market Positions- Placement- Promotion- Price- Political-

American Dreamer Essay

Bharati Mukherjee’s essay about an â€Å"American Dreamer† was brought across with a strong positive point which I agreed with for the most part. After reading over her essay numerous times I finally got a hold of what she was trying to get across to the reader. On one hand she explains that she admires the bill of rights and what our nation was founded upon. I think a lot of people would agree with this considering how far our nation has got with it, but then again you have those who oppose. On the other hand she expresses how she feels about being called Indian-American. The way she conveys her opinion about it makes me want to agree with her more. Her writing is very persuasive and I have to say I not only agree with her because opinion, but for the reason that if I were to go to another country, and have to work as hard as she did to become a legalized citizen. Another thing were on the same page on is having to put a hyphenated status even after becoming a fully legalized citizen. Mukherhee comparison of her culture to the United States was interesting to me. I have never seen a person express how much they value their cultures strict laws and regulations. This makes me think about how I take advantage of all the great things my country has to offer. She described her culture clearly and one of the things that lingered in my head was that the parents chose who you married. This made me grateful of the many freedoms I have in my country also. America has a lot to offer but the main reason people migrate to United States is because of the freedom. I can understand why they decide to come here, but I have always wondered why you don’t see Americans migrating to other countries as much. There are many reasons they don’t go and I comprehend them, but if there was freedom in those countries I question would it be different. Over the past twenty-five years twenty million people have migrated to the United States from other countries. That is a vast amount and it makes me speculate if that amount continues to increase will we be overpopulated in the years to come. I think America should start limit the amount of people that desire to become Americans, and start to clean out the immigrants who have decided to not be responsible and become legal citizens. I am not saying this to be racist or defrading, but I am stating this because people who come to America illegally take a lot of what our great country has to offer and use it like it was in there possession already. For example I have head of many illegal immigrants that come to America and obtain free medical care and welfare checks that our taxes pay for. All I inquire is that they become legal and not take what our great country has to offer and take advantage of it. That is my personal view of the subject though I found myself having almost the same view point as Mukherjee. This issue about any hyphenated status as an American is a controversial one, but Bharati Mukherjee has a point and it needs to be heard. After working hard to become a legal citizen you shouldn’t have to hyphenate racial status. Although some might object and have a total diverse opinion I would reply with a simple suggestion to read this short essay, because it had a positive effect on me and I hope it will have the same on you.

CIS 498 discussions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIS 498 discussions - Coursework Example The mind-set and behavioral changes have an impact on an IT leader’s ability to promote change in many ways. IT leaders should have the ability to recognize that there are success and failure patterns of behavior when promoting change. Hence, it becomes easier to observe the reaction of employees when there are changes. Understanding the specific mindset and the behavior associated also ensures that the IT leader has a level of insight on how to deal with employee reactions. Some of the top ten considerations mentioned by Roberts in Chapter 5 which are necessary when IT professionals are evolving into consultants include strategic thinking, active listening, empathy, trust and influence (2011). To achieve all the ten mentioned requirements, IT professionals need to be strategic thinkers, business acumen and know how to interact with others. The most paramount consideration among the ten is trust. IT professionals cannot achieve the ten considerations if he or she is not trustworthy. One strategy for negotiating project scopes without having problems in businesses would be to apply his or her technology expertise to become indispensable in a business. This allows the IT professional to deal with different clients in a business unit with different ideas. Project manager’s skills and training are changing because of new technology and customer preferences. The changes in technology require project managers with new skills. The skills that project managers possessed 10 years ago cannot work in today’s projects. These changes have been advantageous to the business because people now embrace new ideas and products and are willing to spend more on new innovations. Having a project management office is one of the best ways of boosting IT efficiency in an organization. To facilitate the starting of a project management office in my organization, I would be my own project manager but hire a consultancy company which would

Google Products Ansoff Matrix Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Google Products Ansoff Matrix - Assignment Example The present assignment has identified that the Google Company then launched AdWord; this was a new product for the new market. The products allowed business to put the advertisement on Google search. Since then the company has introduced numerous other product thus creating a strong brand, with the aim of attracting more customer. To this end, Google has opened offices in other places. Google continues to use market development strategy by opening their offices in a different part of the world. Google understand that by an increase in a number of internet users will, in turn, bring more users to them. The company has thus encouraged free internet access with citywide wifi. Also, it has developed many products to attract the uses to use Google, this, in turn, promotes their advertisement space thus increase their revenue. Most of these products are offered for free. Their product is more about gathering information from their customer. This enables the company to give relevant search and eventually it will be able to personalize it advertisement according to customer’s hobbies and interest. The personalized advert is the dream of every advertising company. This will give them a competitive edge and increase their market share. New product development focuses on bringing a new product to an existing business market. Over the years, Google has improved their search engine technology. They have added more features that will make their engines more users friendly. Google has developed more products such as maps, Picasa, earth, docs, etc. by making such product available cheaply they meet wide range of customers wants. This will make them dominate the world markets. Another strategy put forward by Ansoff is diversification. The strategy in evolves developing new products for the completely new and unfamiliar market. The company does this by diversification, alliance, and acquisition.

Global operations management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global operations management - Essay Example PPQ only maintains five percent of the global market share on SUVs, however the firm seeks to improve this to nine percent at the end of the next four years. Rising commodity prices related to fuel consumption, fortunately, has not had much impact on consumer attitudes related to SUV purchases. Autodata provides statistics that highlight SUV sales growth of 27 percent just since 2010 (Isidore, 2011). An analyst with Truecar.com offers, â€Å"We’re seeing consumer demand coming back stronger than we anticipated, with loans and leases easier to get† (Isidore, p.1). This suggests that the financial industry from auto-sponsored loans systems and banking facilities loosening their restrictions on consumer funds granting. This is a significant advantage for PPQ. The long-term strategy is to devote a considerable portion of production to SUV parts production and ensure an operational strategy to market SUV parts to major automobile manufacturers. This will require a heavier fo cus on relationship marketing and the development of a training package for existing off-site sales representatives, developable through human resources at the end of 2011. Competition in this industry is intense, including new auto parts suppliers in emerging economies such as China. Imports continue to rise due to loosening restrictions on import tariffs, making foreign auto suppliers a novel choice. Again, this will require heavier emphasis on business-to-business marketing to improve our relationship standing with major manufacturers. Expansion is a key success factor in this four year plan, thus exploring international destinations for tax incentives and other financial benefits must be conducted. Initial environmental scanning has identified Singapore as a quality location for expansion. The country has recently been recognized as sustaining one of the most

Dynamism Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dynamism Development - Essay Example The paper will also discuss my personal insights from the interview. Gained formal and informal training in application of technology The administrator reported gained formal training, at high school and college levels, in application of technology. The gained skills involved development of ‘computer-based’ programs for administrative purposes that have facilitated its efficiency. General-purpose software used The ‘general-purpose’ software that was used by the administrator included windows, Microsoft office and Photoshop. Windows, as an operating system was used to run the schools administrative computers. Microsoft Office was however the majorly applied general software, used in data entry, processing and management. The main use of Photoshop was majorly to facilitate visual communication with both teachers and students. The general software therefore facilitated administrative purposes. Administrative software used The administrator reported application of ISIS and Pinnacle software. The administration applied Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers for a variety of administrative purposes such as registration and monitoring of the school’s population trend. It was also applied in data processing and development of images for administrative roles. Pinnacle software was also used to edit ‘video-based’ presentations that are internally prepared for different communication purposes. Type of network used by the district The district reported application of a 10 Megabit Ethernet to link its computers. Used as a local area connection, the network facilitated instant electronic communication among administrative departments. It has also improved administrative efficiency through eliminating originally faced challenges in conducting manual oral or written communication. Type of wiring used to support the network Cat cables with wireless access points that linked all computers supported the network. Application of the wireless technology eliminated need for frequent maintenance due to accidental physical interference of wired connections. Frequency of using software in meeting presentations Application of software in presentations was reported to be frequent with Microsoft power point being the majorly used software. Power point presentations’ ability to make personalized and captivating projections was applied to facilitate successful demonstrations in meetings. Monitoring teachers’ use of technology Monitoring teachers’ application of technology was done through application of partial discharge monitoring that reports usage of every machine. A follow up survey, to ensure accuracy in monitoring and evaluation, was reported. Supportive software such as Discovery Learning, Gizmos and Achieve 3000 were also used to support the monitoring process. Biggest challenge to technology The biggest challenge to application of technology in the school was human factors. Both admi nistrative staff and teachers were sometimes not willing to adopt recommended applications. This was realized through resistance or lack of interest in implementing technology. The main reason for this challenge has been the general nature of people to resist change as well as the high rate of dynamism in technological development (Tan & Theodorou, 2009). Possible improvements to technology in the school The administrator recommended application of more PD related software for higher order thinking and engagement. This would be supported by availing laptops for every student besides offering digital curriculum. Helping teachers who struggle with technology Providing technologies’ manuals as well as use of mentors was applied to help teachers who were still struggling with technology. Possible role of technology in elementary school and how it

Analysis the case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analysis the case study - Essay Example Hence the exercise is an inductive method as applied in qualitative methodology. In this case, the researcher decided to examine the subjects’ attitude, likes and dislikes and behaviour through a narrative / dialogue in a real-life situation. Having decided on the means, the researcher collects the data by probing the minds and behaviour of the subjects in an environment which enables the subjects to be as true and spontaneous as possible. The researcher also prepares his own observations of the subject matter (Ski Lodge at the Oceana Club) in respect of which, the participants express their inner thoughts. These observations are in a reflective type note, and give the location a character against which the collected data is analysed. Thus an inductive and interpretive type qualitative research methodology is employed in this case, based on real-life situation with the participants and the background as subjects under study. This methodology is appropriate while collecting data from a relatively small sample and the subject is not amenable to quantitative and deductive research that is more appropriate for dealing with processes than with people. The interview took place as an informal chat with conversation flowing freely between the interviewer and the participants in the real world set up. The Interviewer supplemented his transcript with his own reflective fieldwork notes. In the process the ambience and attractiveness of place is being assessed in an ‘action research’ method. In analysing qualitative research work, the common steps are interim analysis, memoing, data entry and coding (South Alabama University, Ch.17, 2008). In the interim analysis, the queries are neither structured nor do they follow any particular and predictable pattern. They are generated as the interview progresses until the issue is completely understood. To achieve this objective, the researcher may apply a cyclical method of questioning to support or reject the

Project Promotional Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Promotional Campaign - Essay Example make a point that they are the largest hotel brand in the service industry they offer client’s a money back guarantee that is termed as â€Å"Good Night Guarantee†, which covers for the rooms, hospitality, service and the overall experience at the hotel (Premier Inn, 2009). The hotel offers a lot of packages to its clients’. The most noticeable ones’ are the 2 for 1 package where a customer pays for the rent for one individual but can accommodate two, additionally the kids are free. Then there is the park and fly package, which includes a nights stay, car parking facilities and Grab & Go Breakfasts. Another important offering to the clients is the premier offer that allows people to stay at the hotel for as low as  £ 29. This cheap accommodation is only provided to customers if they plan and book their stay online at least 21 days prior to their arrival. The objectives of the promotional campaign are focused around the increasing the brand value. There are several factors which can be used to increase the brand value. The first one is building awareness of the offer in the mind of the target market. In order to sell a service it is of utmost importance to reach out to the customers effectively and portray to them exactly what is on offer. Then, the company should focus on creating consumer interest and providing information through easy and well communicated channels. Another important objective of the campaign is to stimulate the demand; the right promotion can drive customers to make a purchase. Finally, the most important objective of the promotional effort is to reinforce the brand name (Know This, 2009). Promotion should not be viewed as an effort to incur a onetime sales but it should be an effort that promotes the brand. The brand value and brand loyalty will reap long term benefits and hence the effort and the cost associate d with the promotional campaign should aim to increase the brand value and loyalty. The target audience for this offer is

Analysis of Factors Influencing Attrition in It Sector Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Factors Influencing Attrition in It Sector Essay With the economy of India booming at an all time high despite the impact of recession, it is an employee’s market. A large number of multiple jobs are being circulated in organizations and across industries, employees take little time to ponder and leave for greener pastures. In the event the employee feels dissatisfied with his job content, colleagues, boss or a general feeling of discontentment, disillusionment or disappointment creeps in him, considering present market conditions he need not think twice but can easily chucks for good. But obviously it is not good for the employers. Organizations spend a major buck in inducting an employee, beginning from the recruitment process to his internalization in the organization. After reaping rich benefits in the organization in terms of learning, growth, development and availing every possible opportunity in that time span he feels he should go. The HR department is left in the hanging as how to fill in the gap between the demand and supply in terms of human resources. But it helps organizations understand why at all attrition takes place. Why at all at the first place did the idea for leaving come in the mind of the employee. And if at all it came, then why the organization was not pro-active enough to have sensed his dissatisfaction. Furthermore why was it not well equipped to have stopped him from leaving? The entire cycle is vicious. Normally no one welcomes change unless it is forced to be applied. Similarly when an employee joins the organization, he really has no intension of leaving. Circumstances and conditions arise which make him think towards cutting ties. If negative conditions continue to exist then he is confirmed to leave. We all know people do crib about money, not good perks and facilities but if they are happy they stay for the sake of that happiness. People also join organizations for their need for socialization. When they form friends at their work stations; they look forward coming to office every morning. People leave because of boredom and disenchantment from everything. They find no other recluse other than leaving towards somewhere else.

Celta Reflective Account - Teaching Practice Essay Example for Free

Celta Reflective Account Teaching Practice Essay I had been teaching workers in the children and young people’s workforce for a number of years when I started the Celta   course. I already had experience of planning lessons, staging, timing and classroom management. I knew nothing about setting appropriate language aims. One of my main weaknesses was anticipating problems that students would have with particular lessons and in incorporating activities to suit the stronger students. This is partly because I am not very sure about what a beginner, intermediate or advanced learner knows. In our teaching practice we are given exercises to suit the different stages but I would not be very confident, even now, to choose exercises for myself. Another weakness that I have is that although I am experienced at planning timing in lessons I have on several occasions in teaching practice gone over time. I am usually a facilitative teacher, which is a strength in my experience people learn best when they work something out for themselves. However, it is also essential when using this approach to ensure that learners’ interest in words and grammar not related to the target language doesn’t overtake the lesson. It was also identified by Jan that I tended to allow feedback on exercises to go on for too long. It is at this point that I become less facilitative and sometimes repeat what the learners have already said. One of my strengths is the development of resources. I enjoy looking for pictures that will amuse and interest the students – I think that people learn better when the resources pique interest. I also ensure that resources are culturally appropriate or culturally neutral such as making a paper airplane which illustrated the different forms of the verb ‘to make’. This was an effective tool for elicitation and is one that uses minimal resources. Learning from watching experienced teachers When I started the course I felt very nervous about teaching. When I was observing experienced teachers I noticed that they used relevant intonation, hand gestures and voice projection skilfully. I recognised that by using relevant expressive body language I could increase my own confidence. It is important when teaching to project your voice and speak confidently so that students feel confidence in you. It is important also not to pretend that you know something when you are not sure. People can often tell if you are not sure about what you are saying. Tutor assessment of strengths and weaknesses Jan identified in my first class that I must reduce the teacher talk time. I think initially that I was talking a lot because I was unconfident and nervous. I was talking to prove to the learners that I knew the target language. I ensured that I started my second lesson with questions to the learners. This was a good exercise for me in reducing teacher time and in finding more about the level of the group and individual learners within it. By starting off with questions to the learners it encourages more learner participation throughout the lesson. The need for clearer instructions has been noted in a number of my practice teaching sessions. I have improved on this by planning in †¢ model answers †¢ giving only one instruction at a time †¢ asking students to repeat instructions Fellow students identification of strengths and weaknesses I moved from an intermediate group to an elementary group. Initially I didn’t moderate my meta language to accommodate for the learners’ knowledge of English, which was noted by colleagues in my first observation. I worked on this in my second lesson. I still sometimes forget my plans to clarify instructions when I am teaching. I have found error correction a challenge. I am aware that it is not always appropriate to correct and find it difficult to identify quickly whether the mistake needs to be corrected because meaning is fundamentally changed. This is often because I am feeling rushed because the timing of the lesson is out. I also worry that learners will feel humiliated if I correct them. I imagine that this is a concern for many teachers who had negative experiences as school students. My fellow student Siroja noticed during her observation of me that I am reluctant to nominate students to feedback. This is also because of a fear of humiliating someone who doesn’t know an answer. Reena noticed that when I ask for general feedback I am prepared to wait and allowed for pauses in the lesson which she felt was a strength because it shows confidence. Improvements needed  Timing is still a major issue for me in my lessons. I have managed to keep a couple of my lessons exactly to time but need still to identify ways to ensure feedback is more succinct. Ways in which I intend to do this: †¢ Learners checking their own answers using answer sheets †¢ Checking answers while monitoring learners I will also aim to make instructions snappier. I observed Reena using post-its which she stuck to her lesson plan – I will use them to write short, easily understood instructions which I will throw away as soon as I have finished explaining a particular exercise. If my timing is better I will feel less rushed and more able to stop and consider errors and whether the merit or not of correcting them. However, to make error correction easier I will also identify some key phrases that I can use to help learners re-consider what they have said without showing them up. I will aim also to ask the more reluctant students to answer questions, understanding that sometimes they don’t speak up in class because of a lack of confidence. By asking the question directly of the quieter students it is giving them permission to speak. Examples of question I might ask are: Can you think of another way of phrasing that? Do you think that you used the right tense/preposition there? If I have a few stock phrases it will help overcome my own fears that I am putting down the learners. However, I have also to recognise that learners often want to be corrected and if there isn’t enough time it may be necessary for me to put aside my own sensitivity and give the right form or ask the other students to rephrase the statement. To find out more about what is expected at different levels I will explore the ESOL Adult Core Curriculum because I missed the class. I will also look through text books for students to get a flavour. This assignment has helped me consider my progress and will help me develop my teaching practice further. I see myself like the child who measures her height by drawing marks up the wall and can see progress. This assignment, the feedback from teaching practice and mid course assessment are my marks on the wall. I can affect my progress by taking account of feedback from mine and colleagues’ teaching practice and from Tuesday evening lessons and grow taller.

Economic Growth of China

Economic Growth of China Introduction This paper provides summarizes of FDI in China in the past decade until 2009, It describes the overview of the Economic growth, the sources and the benefits and costs to China and foreign companies. Moreover, the paper analyses the potential impact of China to compare with other countries. This paper covers four main ideas: Firstly, there is the definition of FDI and how there are different between the direct and indirect investments. Secondly, to analyze the benefits that China will receive from FDI and case study of Hewlett-Packard. Next, how Economics China has been growing fast from 1999 to 2008 and how inflow FDI has effected to GDP growth. Finally, the last part is summary of benefit in China. What is FDI The International Monetary Fund defines foreign direct investment (FDI) as an investment that allows an investor to have a significant voice in the management of an enterprise operating outside the investors own country. For example, General Motor decided to reduce the cost of production in United State; therefore, GM invested money to build new factory in different countries such as China, Thailand and Malaysia. However, the host country has to have an equity stake at least 10 per cent or more for the voting power of the operation in a foreign country. There are two types of investments which are the direct investment such as bonds, stocks and buildings and the indirect investment such as new technologies, capital, processes, products, organizational technologies and management skills. Both investments have advantages to Chinas Economic and foreign investors. China has the population more than 1.3 billion people (1,330,044,605 as of mid-2008), and is the worlds largest number of the population. China has become the largest recipient of FDI in the third world, absorbing nearly half of total foreign investment in developing countries since 1992 (The Economist, 1999). Between 1999-2008, China had received the FDI inflows about US$ 58.52 billion which is equal to 7.32 per cent of direct investment with non-financial. At the end of 1978, Deng Xiaoping who was Chinese communist leader had new policy opening its economy for foreign firms to increase investment (Kahal, 2001). The government policies were set up for new joint ventures in special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Xiamen, Guangdong, and Shenzhen and coastal cities such as Fujian, Beijing, and Shanghai. The government also offered special incentive policies for FDI in these SEZs. As Tian said ‘The significant of Dengs policy initiatives is to make full use of market mechanisms, or re-link with the global market system, domestically as well as internationally. From this result, China has become a new market for foreign investors to encourage FDI inflows. In 2008, as shown in figure 1, China has a high of FDI inflow about US$ 92.4 billion or about 23.5 per cent of Economic growth. Non-Financial Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows between 1999-2008 Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Number of projects 16,918 22,347 26,139 34,171 41,081 43,664 44,019 41,473 37,871 27,514 Growth (%) -14.6 32.1 17.0 30.7 20.2 6.3 0.8 -5.8 -8.7 -27.3 Utilized FDI ($ billion) 40.3 40.7 46.9 52.7 53.5 60.6 60.3 63.0 74.8 92.4 Growth (%) -11.3 1.0 15.2 12.4 1.5 13.3 -0.5 4.5 13.6 23.5 General Economic and Financial Indicators between 1999-2008 (All figures are in billions of RMB or percent unless otherwise indicated) Main Indicators 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 GDP 8,967.7 9,921.5 10,965.5 12,033.3 13,582.3 15,987.8 18,321.7 21,192.4 25,730.6 30,067.0 Growth (%) 7.6 8.4 8.3 9.1 10.0 10.1 10.4 11.6 13.0 9.0 How does China get the benefit from FDI? To analyze the benefits of FDI into China; There are several opportunities for foreign invertors such as low cost and productivity of labour, natural resources and opening policy. China is the worlds largest population in the world and has a high level of labour with low salaries which can reduce the cost of production for foreign companies. In addition, this chance can create of employment opportunities and learn high technology skills. For example, Hewlett-Packard which was the first Sino-American high-tech joint venture in the Chinas electronic industry built in June 1985 in China (Lou, 2000). HP offered a long-term partnership, to maintain in the four modernizations and technological transfer and invested US$6-$7 million a year in the research and development center to provide professional service and support for its clients in China (Lou, 2000). From this investment, local communities would have knowledge transfers, technology spillovers and inflow of the capital. Moreover, MNCs in China give more benefits and higher rates such as bonuses, salaries, wages, and insurances because they are larger and more productivity than domestic companies or small companies. FDI transfers high technology skills to Chinese for increasing quality of production methods. How many of investment is Economic Growth? During 1999-2008 periods, Chinas FDI increased from US$ 40.3 billion to US$ 92.4 billion and the percentage of real GDP growth also become increasing from 7.6 per cent to 9 percent at the same time. However, the number of projects by foreign firms had dropped from 41,473 in 2005 to 27,514 in 2008 because of Economic crisis such as the Asian financial crisis, increasing fuel price and unemployment rate. Top 10 Origins of Non-Financial FDI Country/Region of Origin Amount Invested 2007 ($billion) Amount Invested 2008 ($billion) Year-on-Year Growth (%) Hong Kong 27.7 41.0 48.1 British Virgin Islands 16.6 16.0 -3.6 Singapore 3.2 4.4 39.3 Japan 3.6 3.7 1.8 Cayman Island 2.6 3.2 22.3 South Korean 3.7 3.1 -14.8 United States 2.6 2.9 12.5 Western Samoa 2.2 2.6 17.5 Taiwan 1.8 1.9 7.0 Mauritius 1.3 1.5 12.1 FDI is significant element in Chinas reform and economic growth. Thats mean inflow FDI increasing effect to the volume of GDP growth. In 2008, as shown in figure 3, Hong Kong that was the highest top 10 origins of non-financial FDI inflows, received the capital of investment from foreign enterprises about US$ 41 billion and gained more 48.1 per cent from last year (Cheng and Kwan, 2000; Gao, 2005). Conclusion China has become the largest market of FDI among developing countries because of opening trade policys Deng. It has been increasing of the capital inflow by foreign firms, even though economic world is slowly growth. Indeed, foreign investors bring the beneficial opportunity on Chinas economy such as technology transfers, productivity spillovers, employment opportunities and Economic growth. Reference Cheng, K.L. Kwan, Y.K. (2000), What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience, Journal of International Economics, vol. 51, pp. 379-400. Ford, M. (2008), Adoption of Quality Practices in a Multidivisional Environment: a longitudinal Study, Quality Management Journal, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 7-16. Kahal, S. E. (2001), Business in Asia Pacific: text and cases, Oxford University Press, Oxford [England]. Luo, Y. (2000), Guanxi and business, World Scientific, Singapore. Rosenberg, M. (2008), China Population The Population Growth of the Worlds Largest Country. About.com Guide. Available from: http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/chinapopulation.htm [Accessed: December 10, 2009]. Tian, X. (1996), Chinas open door policy in development perspective, Canadian Journal of Development Studies 17, vol. 1, pp. 75-95.

The 1960s :: American America History

The 1960s It may have been a decade of a myriad of effulgent paintings and intrepid space excursions, but for most people, resplendent canvases don't come near the cranium when someone mentions the 1960s. So just what do we associate the decade with? The most intriguing part of our prior erudition: hippies, flower power, peace, love, drugs, and Woodstock! All of the preceding are the very essence of the '60s in America; all of them had a distinct impact on the world. Presumably the most prominent aspect of the '60s was the evolution of the youthful generation into a powerful strong-minded group of people known as the hippies. Around the late '60s, there was a copious amount of young men and women who were just reaching their late teen years, re-evaluating their sentiment on important issues. But just what was a hippie? Hippies were mostly young people who were often characterized by long hair and flowing skirts. They had very confident convictions, particularly in regard to the Vietnam War. Because this new generation possessed a blatant loathing for the affect of Vietnam on the country, they rebelled against everything the war was about. This resulted in a shared conception of love, peace, and happiness. They held protests and anti-war love-ins promoting their ant-violence views, unity, and, also, drugs. Previously unmentioned, hippies were also druggies. Dr., Timothy Leary was a drug guru who was much loved for his preaching. He said things suc h as "Turn on, tune in, and drop out" and used new pronouns like "She" and "hir" to promote gender equality. He brought about a new philosophy that conceived that your state of consciousness is reflected in your environment. Leary had four exercises to a life of expanded intelligence: 1) Look at yourself in the mirror, change your manner of dress and your behavior so that you float like a god, not shuffle like a robot 2) Look around your home and throw out everything that is not "tuned in" to your highest vision 3) Make your body a temple and your home a shrine 4) You are a god, live like one! As prevalent as hippies were, it astounds many people to hear that there was a subdivision of the group. Yippies, as they were called, were much like other hippies, only more extreme. The yippies were New Left radicals with a no-holds barred approach contesting every custom of society.

Prostitution in 18th Century England Essay example -- European History

Prostitution in 18th Century England "Miss B____rn. No. l 8 Old Compton Street, Soho Close in the arms she languishingly lies With dying looks, short breath, and wishing eyes. This accomplished nymph has just attained her eighteenth year, and fraught with every perfection, enters a volunteer in the field of Venus. She plays on the pianofort, sings, dances, and is mistress of every Maneuver in the amorous contest that can enhance the coming pleasure; is of the middle stature, fine auburn hair, dark eyes and very inviting countenance, which ever seems to beam delight and love. In bed she is all the heart can wish, or eyes admires every limb is symmetry, every action under cover truly amorous; her price two pounds." (Maccubbin 63) The above is an excerpt from Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies, a listing of prostitutes published annually, and primarily aimed at the wealthy, as one might suppose from the rather exorbitant fee charged by the above Miss B___ rn. This particular biography is from the 1788 edition. Not all prostitutes were this expensive though. Some of the more "common" tarts available in London could be had for a shilling or two (Maccubbin). Prostitution, in the eighteenth century, was perhaps as close as it has ever been to being an acceptable livelihood. The crusading, abolishing Puritans had been hushed up, at least a little, and the emphasis shifted to the economic reality of trying, as a woman, to support oneself in the harsh climate of London. London's primary industry was wealthy people (Maccubbin 61), and the best, and sometimes only, way to make money was to entice said wealthy people to spend their money. Being a prostitute was really the most economically viable option. Working as a seamstre... ... up on the subject for this paper, and Goodness gracious, hidden amongst ridiculous numbers of capital letters is some rather graphic stuffy which I, in my naivete? was shocked had been written so far before the 20th century. History is not so prudish as many would have one think. Anyway, my overall point is simply that prostitution was an acceptable, and often recorded way of life in the 18th century, though things got, of course, more restrained as the century wore on and the spectre of Queen Victoria began to loom large and repressed in the age to come. Also, at this time, there was not as much medical data regarding just what venereal diseases could do to someone, and once people began to realize the effects, they began to exercise a little restraint. But, for most of the century, the ladies of the evening enjoyed a profitable and almost respectable business.

The Process of Successful Change

The Process of Successful Change Norma Taylor HCS 325 July 10, 2012 The Process of Successful Change There are many responsibilities involved with the title of manager. Implementing and rolling out change to your employees can be overwhelming. There are different techniques used to ensure a smooth, uneventful transition to change. Some techniques are not as useful and successful as others, depending on what type of change is involved. Motivational techniques to implement change in a company are not an easy task, but it is possible.Expectancy theory, two-factor theory, goal-setting theory, and equity theory are a few different techniques that I would use in my company. The expectancy theory is a unique way to motivate employees during a time of change. Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory suggests that â€Å"people will do what they can do when they want to do it† (Lombardi & Schermerhorn, 2007). This theory depends on three different factors: Expectancy, Instrumentality, an d Valence. Expectancy is the belief that working hard will result in a desired level of task achieved.Instrumentality is defined as a person’s belief that successful performance will be rewarded and has other good outcomes. Valance is the value a person assigns to the possible rewards and other work related outcomes. There are pros and cons to the expectancy theory. One pro is that this theory is a commonly recognized for supporting an employee’s decision-making method. A shortcoming of this theory is that it has numerous elements that may make this theory not as successful. For example, this theory does not take the emotional state of the individual into consideration.The individual's personality, abilities, skills, knowledge as well as previous experiences are factors that may affect the outcome of this model. The expectancy theory of motivation is a â€Å"perception† based model. The manager needs to guess the motivational force (the value) of a reward for an employee. The theory can be difficult to implement in the group environment (Leadership-Central. com, 2012). As a leader using the expectancy theory, I would set realistic goals for the employees. In addition, I would also ensure that they are setting realistic goals for themselves.Failure to set a realistic goal will result in a low motivation as the expectancy will yield a low result. Rewards are a form of motivation to everyone and I would set realistic rewards. As a leader I need to understand what my employee’s value and I would link the reward with the goal. The trick here is to ensure that you operate within your constraints as well as make sure not to exaggerate the reward in comparison to the effort they will need to express. High reward with low effort will create an expectation effect and may work against you.I believe the expectancy theory technique would work well in a small office. Implementing change and offering a reward to committed employees with positive r esults will give effective outcomes. The two-factor theory is another motivational techniques used in the workplace developed by Frederick Herzberg. This theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction as well as a separate set of factors that cause dissatisfaction. This theory used as a motivational technique can cause great outcomes in the workplace. Job satisfaction can be achieved in the simplest ways.Acknowledging great performance would give employees a sense of job satisfaction at their workplace, thus creating a positive outcome. According to Herzberg job satisfaction can be a sense of achievement, feelings of recognition, sense of responsibility, opportunity for advancement and feelings of personal growth (Lombardi ; Schermerhorn, 2007). Job gratification can indicate a great degree of incentive or productivity with workers. J. Stacy Adams developed the equity theory, which assists in the explanation that wages and environments do n ot conclude motivation to employees.His theory indicates that the perceived unfairness is a motivating state. When people believe they have been inequitably treated in comparison to others, they will try to eradicate the discomfort and reestablish a sense of fairness to the situation (Lombardi ; Schermerhorn, 2007). As a leader this type of motivation is essential to a work environment. According to Adams’ prediction, he believes that employees would deal with unfairness by changing their work contributions and decreasing their labor.He also believes that employees will ask for incentives, or simply terminate their position in the company because of unfair or unjust treatment compared to fellow employees. Treating everyone equally and fair is a practice required in any type of work environment. Using this tool as a motivation to implement change would be necessary. It would aid in the impartiality of rewards for doing an excellent job during the change as well as the repriman ds needed for employees not embracing the change as necessary.In 1960’s, Edwin Locke put forward the goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory states that goal setting is essentially linked to task performance. The theory states that specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback contribute to higher and better task performance. In simple words, goals indicate, and give direction to an employee about what needs to be done and how much effort is required. This is one of my favorite theories because I believe that it is the most effective theory to use when implementing a change in a work setting.There are numerous important features in this theory. For example, Edwin Locke states that the employee’s willingness to work toward the attainment of a goal is a main source of job motivation. A clear, difficult, and specific goals are greater motivating factors than having easy, general and vague goals. Specific and clear goals lead to greater output and b etter performance (Management Study Guide, 2012). Goals ought to be reasonable and challenging to give employees a sense of gratification and accomplishment when attained.The more challenging the goal, the greater the reward, and the higher the employee’s desire are for achieving it. Feedback is a means of gaining reputation, making clarifications and regulating goal. There are many theories to implement change and motivate employees; some may work while others may not. Change in a workplace is a process. As a leader I would start with what would benefit the company. Once the notice of change has been communicated, setting up training would be the next step.Using the goal-setting theory I would let the employees know clearly what is expected from them and continue to implement the change. To motivate the workers and make the change a little more pleasant, I would reward them once the goal is achieved. Change is not always bad, but it is definitely a challenging task, because of the various needs and desires of each individual. References In-Tuition. (2012). Follow These Strategies for Managing Change. Retrieved from http://www. practical-management-skills. com/strategies-for-mamaging-change. htm

Marketing and Puma Essay

This report will show the analysis about PUMA marketing strategy which the 4th footwear producer in the world and also giving advice and objective to develop marketing strategy. PUMA and its Situational Analysis To satisfy customer demand, First, PUMA must understand its internal and external situation, including the macro-factor, micro-factor, and its own capabilities. In order to understand the situation, PUMA must do SWOT analysis and PEST analysis. SWOT analysis PUMA can apply SWOT analysis to both the business unit level, the corporate level and frequently appears in marketing strategy. Strengths First, it is about PUMA brand and its power: * Its image stands for the quality, the neo-technology and the prestige. * It is very competitive brand in athletic footwear, accessory and appeal market. * It is an international company. * It got acquisition of reputable companies. Second, it is about PUMA financial power and its product: * Its financial power is very strong and the financial growth rapidly. * Its product is very diversity and it is successful on creating brand recognition. * It has long time experience in produce athletic footwear, accessory and appeal. Third, its management is marketing oriented, this is PUMA’s advantage in this business, since this is market driven. Weaknesses First, PUMA is not done much of Promotional Campaigns or advertisement. Second, PUMA’s profit dependent on footwear market heavily although it already have wide range of sports products which can cause profit loss when its market share erodes. Third, almost of PUMA’s profit come from selling into its retailers. But retail sector is price sensitive that offers a very similar experience to the consumer as well as they tend to pass the low price competitive pressure to PUMA. Opportunities First, PUMA’s products are for both fashion and unfashion customer, playing sport or not, especial the young, so it make its own opportunities, since it give customer changes to replace their products. Second, PUMA success on build-up a strong brand recognition which is cover all over the world that give it change to penetrate to disposable market [] for high value sports products like World Cup, The Olympics†¦ Threats First, PUMA’s short-life-cycles product competitive penetration plan can cost it a lot of money and give its marketing and its research and its development a heavily pressure. In addition, the serious threat may come from weakening markets. Second, buying and selling in different country with different currencies can be threat, because margins and costs are not stable for long periods. Not only PUMA but every international company must face those issues. Third, price sensitivity is a threat to PUMA, especially when the retail sector becomes competition of price. For example, there are many stores with same goods. The consumer is walking around for bester price in the same product. PEST analysis PUMA can apply PEST analysis to analyze the external macro-environment which it is affected. Political Factors There are various political factors that are affect to developing process of PUMA, especially to build strong financial to make more profit, environmental issues is one of those issues. So PUMA should focus on various issues which related to the environment. In order to keep up the developing process, PUMA should consider the international laws and local laws when being outsourcing from foreign countries that include quota and tariffs which is the most critical political factors. Like another international company, PUMA is outsourcing its production in Asia due to lower labor-cost and taxes. PUMA is selling its products in various parts of the world. So the political stability is very important because if one of those issues is happen for PUMA’s local partner that can affect overall performance of PUMA. Economic Factors In terms of stock exchange, monetary issues and so on, the economic factors, somehow, can be related to the various political factors which could affect the developing process of PUMA. Especially, the economic policies issues in Germany which is play an important role as well as the economic policies issues of the local partner. Thus, political factors have a great affect to the psychology of the customers. Due to different cultures and regulations and human resource aspect, the various employment laws in foreign countries should be considered. Social Factors There are various social factors that might affect the developing process of PUMA as well as demand or experience of the customers for one service or product. Nowadays, due to higher life-quality, people is love to playing sport a lot, so it is a big opportunities for PUMA to expand its market share. PUMA also should include some of new sports such as skateboarding, diving and extreme bike as importance segments in strategy-making Recently, there are more female-customers participates in sport, especially in US, the number of female-student who playing sports at university has increased three time and there are also more than thirty-three percent of female-students playing sports at high school. For now, female-customers participate in every sport in US. Thus, PUMA should consider the needs of female-customers in fitness shoes. Technological Factors PUMA should focuses on Research and Development activities by apply latest technologies, in terms of technological factors, especially internet-marketing like, example vital marketing or so on†¦ The maturity of technology is play an important role in terms of development because technology is non-stop develops, so PUMA should consider it. In addition, the global consumer is another important part because PUMA is run its business in various part of the world. PUMA and its Unique Selling Proposition The Unique Selling Proposition (USP) states successful advertising campaigns made unique propositions to consumers and this convinced them switch to PUMA brands. PUMA is suggested replacing its traditional business plan with its USP because USP can make a great deal to PUMA business model. USP can define PUMA business and business goals in one sentence. According to Rosser Reeves, there are three part of USP definition. 1. Each of PUMA’s advertisement must say to its consumer: â€Å"Buy our goods, and you definitely get this specific advantage†. Example: â€Å"Make Football Everywhere† (PUMA football), By using such advertisement, PUMA try to tell its consumer the benefit of buying and using its football shoes, the benefit is its shoes can be use everywhere to playing football, it can be the street, stadium and backyard†¦ and it is also new marketing strategy of PUMA. 2. PUMA’s offers must be something that other competitor cannot offer. Those offers should be unique. Example: The Puma design ethos/philosophy â€Å"PUMA is mixing fashion and sport-lifestyle in a unique way. PUMA always try to illustration sport in a creative-fashionable way, and when it comes to fashion PUMA’s always try to put its sports heritage into fashion-area†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Or â€Å"To PUMA, sport is a living-active-lifestyle, whether its customers are a traveler, an athletic or event businessman, this is a various kind of illustration of sport in modern time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jochen Zeitz, CEO, Puma AG, discusses Puma’s design ethos) By doing such campaigns, PUMA is creating their new brand image that it is changing its image from product sport shoes to product mixing sport-lifestyle fitness shoes, and it is also new development strategy of PUMA. 3. PUMA’s offers must be so powerful as well as those offers can return the mass profit. â€Å"PUMA have been renewed contract with Jamaican-athletic Usain Bolt that allowed PUMA brand to keep-up, for the risen of 154 percent in annual net earnings to â‚ ¬202.2 million, year-on-year.† (PUMA’s profit â€Å"Bolt†, Jamaica Observer) By gaining suck successful contracts, PUMA try to connect their products brand to famous athletics, and it is also new brand endorsement strategy of PUMA. In short, by using USP, PUMA gain opportunities to wider its market share and make more profit, especially, by lifestyle fitness shoes. PUMA and its Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning To implement marketing strategy, PUMA must define its segmentation, targeting and Positioning. Segmentation Segmentation is related to discover what consumer’s kinds exist and various needs exist. In the athletic footwear market, for example, the demand of consumers may include performance, safety and speed while others are concerned about fashionable. In general, segmentation show the trust which company cannot be every things to everyone and long-time experiences has illustrate that PUMA that focus on the demands of a group of customers more than another for more profitable. Especially, the fitness-shoes market, which can be ‘segment’ by gender and age: Age Age can affect the tendency of buying of consumer. 1. Kids (6 to 12): they may like colorful small-sized shoes. 2. Teens (13 to 18): they may like something that cool and impressive. 3. Adult (19 to 36): They may like the serious color, black or white color is an example. 4. Middle (37 to 55): They may like the same as adult desire. 5. Old (55+): They may like the comfortable, safe and stable. Gender The tendency of buying of consumer also can be affected by gender. Different genders have different demand. 1. Men: They like strong style, and also like strong color like black or white. 2. Women: They like cute and fresh style, and then they may like soft-color like pink, purple, light-green†¦ Thus, there are many segments in fitness shoes market which can be consider as ‘Demographic Segmentation’ that PUMA must satisfy the demand of customer about region, population, climate, population growth rate and density. So the lifestyle fitness shoes can be the answer, because this kind of products is wide cover all of that demand. Targeting First, PUMA need to find out how well the other competitor served the exist segments. It should be harder to approach to segments which are served as well by more than one competitor, in fitness-shoes, for example: NIKE, ADIAS, and KAPPA†¦ Second, PUMA need to find out how large the segment is, and how large it grow, in fitness shoes, for example, in US, the number of female-student who playing sports at university and high-schools has rapidly increased. By now, female-customers participate in every sport in US. Third, in order to archive successful, PUMA should use the ‘Differentiation Strategy’ on all targeted segments, which included: ‘Age’ and ‘Gender’. By using ‘Differentiation Strategy’, PUMA could provide to its consumer the unique features of its goods like lifestyle fitness shoes rather than by lowest price. Because differentiated goods can please the demand of consumers’ unique needs, PUMA can give premium prices for differentiated goods, for example: a pair of lifestyle fitness-shoes can cost more than 1 million VND in Vietnam, that can be consider as luxury goods. Positioning PUMA’s lifestyle fitness-shoes could be positioned following by two main factors: ‘Competitor’ and ‘Consumer’. If the positioning is based on consumer, the marketing campaigns and its messages are targeted to the consumer by branding. That can use logo, symbol which make consumer recognize PUMA and its products. For example: First, the PUMA brand name is popular in the world and people can recognize its name and logo even if no of PUMA’s products is bought by them. Second, the logo is also an important part of branding, itself. The main reason of people that are recognizing PUMA can also recognize its products from this symbol alone. The lifestyle fitness-shoes company PUMA is popular for using a â€Å"leaping cat† (animal) symbol on its product lines. This feature allows consumer to identify PUMA’s lifestyle fitness-shoes, even if the PUMA’s brand name is not showing. Recognition and Loyalty First, recognition, the main benefit of branding is that customers are remembering PUMA’s business. A powerful brand name and logo keep PUMA’s image in the mind of its potential consumer. Second, loyalty, if consumer is please with PUMA products, its brand will help to build consumer’s loyalty. For example, even in the case of consumer is not aware that PUMA sell a new product, if consumer trusts PUMA’s brand, they will trust PUMA with unfamiliar products. Image of Size, Quality, Experience and Reliability First, image of size play an important role when consumer wants to knows that PUMA will still exist in a long time. For example, people often associate the large firms which spend a lot of money on advertising and promotion it’s currently and new products. Second, image of quality, people see that brand can be a part of a product that will help to show its quality and value. If PUMA can process effective branding, then the image of quality in PUMA’s business will raise higher over time. However, branding cannot replace high quality. For example, Nike Inc. sport-wear brand was one of the biggest in the sport-wear world market. However, constant bad publicity about the low paid of its labor at Asia cause damage the image of the brand. Third, image of experience and reliability, PUMA business is to be seen as experienced in its products for a long time, it will make PUMA to be seen more reliable than the other firms. For example, in the case of a customer is choosing a new pair of shoe, there are a PUMA one and the other, but if customer trust PUMA experience, they will choose PUMA. Multiple Products PUMA is being strong brand now which allows it to link several various product lines together. PUMA can put its brand name on each product, it make consumer is willing to buy new product of PUMA. For example, PUMA sells sport-wear, appeal, accessories and etc. all under the PUMA brand name.

Man Is His Own Worst Enemy Essay

Right from the beginning, Man rules supreme over all other life forms. He establishes himself at the top of the food chain, he goes through painstaking experiments to lit up the darkness that comes at night and through decades of scientific progression he is able to pit himself against the unpredictable weather changes. Thus he is able to place himself parallel to cosmic significance. He then proceeds to defeat the onslaught of diseases and the invisible enemies known to us as bacteria and viruses and conquers geographical hurdles. Man sustains his own survival in ways no other life forms can. The sophisticated ways in which Man maintains his existence remain uncontested by any other life forms.  Clearly, humans set themselves apart from the other species because the human body is gifted with impeccable intellectual abilities. At a glance at all the achievements man had single handedly accomplished over the time, one must think what mortal hand or eye could challenge man for his po sition. But one may want to think again. No animals would inflict pain on another of their own kind, or even other kinds, for reasons other than self-defence and food. Yet the intelligent Man would. History of mankind illustrates man’s propensity to achieve his personal greed and glory at the expanse of another of kind. This aspect of Man remains uncontested too. I opened my mail box one morning and received a copy of The Economist. The front cover reads â€Å"A heart-rending but necessary war†. It is rather amazing how man can associate war with the term ‘necessary’. The article speaks of the retaliation of United States against the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001. After the two great wars that threatened to annihilate the entire tapestry of humanity in the twentieth century, Man still has not learned. Man has ironically progressed from an uncivilised state to now where killing each other has become a necessity. Dropping bombs and food supplies at the same time is evidence of the disillusionment that man brings upon himself. The anti-terrorist war in Afghanistan comprises a series of bomb attacks targeted on terrorists’ camps. At the same time food supplies are also being dropped on similar grounds, targeted on innocent civilians. Surely by supplying food to the civilians man must have contemplated initially the repercussions that would follow if a war should begin? Perhaps we should applaud that man has finally found ‘civilised’ way waging a war? Or does it  reinforce that the greatest tragedy lies in the fact that man is aware of the consequences of his own action and still continues with it? War could only mean one thing; civilians from both sides die, guilty and non-guilty alike. Man is torn between what is essentially right and wrong. He chooses to kill some and save some. At the end of the day he realises that it doesn’t have to be that way at all if he had kept to what is essentially necessary, that is peace. But no, man would not hear of that now. He would want to venture into something he does not know and learn things the hard way, bringing down with him innocent lives and p recious natural resources vital for future consumption. Man has now to face the unbeatable monster in him. Consider the nuclear and biochemical weapons that man has invented. Is this another folly of the fallen man? That, we are not sure just as yet but we know nuclear weapons are not built because they happen to be another high-tech devices set in trend. It is because the existence if nuclear weapons also comes with it a newfound power for the owner. A power to kill and to control. Finally, man has found the ultimate killing means that promises high death rates and effective elimination of any party that get in his way with great ease. But the underlying nuances for such creation is scarier, the insinuation that man would destroy each other at some point in time willingly, without actual consideration for the consequences of it. This is quite ironic for man who wielded such supreme intellect, to not to consider his actions. Or is it that Man just does not care? Examine the case of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, where the first atomic bombs were dropped and killed more than the actual numbers at that time. The ghost of the event still haunts many today psychologically and physically. The bombs that US are dropping on Afghanistan’s territories are supposed to explode upon reaching the ground but many did not. These bomblets would then maim and kill many like landmines long after the war has ended. Man has set out to kill themselves after centuries of trying to survive? The numbers killed in relative to proportion is explicitly high and man still could not explain himself. World War II saw the physical manifestation of evil in man. Over six million  Jews were expeditiously eradicated for good from the face of the earth. Consider the methodical and efficient ways the Jews are killed tells of man who would inflict torture and pain on another fellow human being maliciously and intentionally for basically no reason at all. Even if the whole war boils down to the one sole lunatic proprietor, Hitler, it gives no reason for the rest below him to carry out such senseless killings simply because it was an order. It still astounds many that such acts that cause such revulsion now did not seem so to the culprits at that time. Man is such complicated creature that his existence is full of conflicts within himself. To defeat your enemy must mean that you understand him, but man is now faced with an enemy that he could not at all comprehend despite the natural intellect ordained from above. A famous philosopher once said that the greed in man sows the seeds of deceit and eventually downfall of the man himself. Adam Smith’s theory of the laissez faire, to put it nicely, is the liberal allowances for man to exploit the resources for his own satisfaction. Karl Marx opposes that theory and put it simply that such freedom of actions in economy would eventually allow the greed of man to multiply itself until it could not contain itself, thus the outburst of despair would mark the end of humanity. In Singapore, we are faced with the worst recession since the 1960s and approximately 30000 to 40000 people are out of job. In the US, more than 400 000 people are laid off in two months and numbers are still expected to rise. What we are seeing here is that the players in the economy have played against themselves. During these times, those who had hands in the stocks investments find themselves literally with nothing. The ‘Notices’ section in the newspapers sees an increase in the number of bankruptcies. Participants in the race for property ownerships in Singapore, particularly during the mid 1990s experienced an exponential plunge in property prices and landed themselves in unending debts. Greed for purchasing power tempted many to subscribe to more than one credit card and now find themselves not able to keep afloat in the interests that tantamount to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Many do not realise their own folly until they fall flat in their faces. Hence the greed, miscalculation and speculative spirit  becomes what responsible for the downfall of man. In daily ventures, individuals often find themselves entangled in webs of deceit, lies, manipulation, jealousy and spite. Many times, Man is the cause of failed relationships and careers. Over-indulgence and yielding to temptations, it seems like Man’s nature works like the double-edged sword. It could build or destroy oneself. Life progresses from one of blissful existence to one of struggle. In every man lies the green-eyed monster, the inextinguishable greed and within these also is the struggle of conscience. Thus is the nature of man who has become so intricate and practically unfathomable. Until man could finally understand himself, what he wants and what is essentially necessary in life, he remains his own worst enemy.

Your Title Goes Here

The Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy began after editorial cartoons depicting the Islamic prophet Muhammad were published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten on September 30, 2005. Danish Muslim organizations staged protests in response. As the controversy has grown, some or all of the cartoons have been reprinted in newspapers in more than fifty other countries, leading to violent protests involving hundreds of deaths, particularly in Muslim countries. I feel this is a suitable story to explore and analyze media bias and prejudiced reporting, as this is a highly controversial issue between a Muslim population sensitive over what they perceive as a global assault by the Western world on their religion and faith, and both liberals and right wingers alike who feel that freedom of speech is sacred and unassailable. As such, I have included news coverage from 3 distinct sources – Al-Jazeera, commonly regarded as the media champion of the Arab world; BBC, one of the oldest and respected media institutions in the world; and finally, a random daily newspaper from the United States, to compare the news coverage regarding this controversial issue, and to identify any media bias, negative reporting or partisan reporting. Al- Jazeera The link to the story can be found in the â€Å"Works Cited† section of this paper. We would expect from a preliminary basis that Al-Jazeera would typically play up the offensive nature of the cartoons, highlight the perceived insensitivities and double standards of the Western media vis-à  -vis the cartoons and the Holocaust, as well as champion the rights of the Muslim world. Surprisingly, this is not the case. The news article quoted seemed to be factual rather than opinionated in nature, quoting a variety of sources and viewpoints from both sides of the fence, from the Danish media and politicians to Hamas and other Islamic militant groups. No underlying or latent propaganda was detected; indeed, negative quotes were enclosed in double quotes, and attributed to its source. The language used was non-inflammatory, focused on facts and events, and there was no strong hint of an opinion piece. The closest the Al-Jazeera piece came to being biased was when it was reporting on the nature of the cartoons (drawings) at the heart of the controversy. The descriptions used were accurate, non-misleading, and mildly strong. However, there was no mention of the Western world point of view, or of the fact that the combined cartoons at the heart of the controversy which were spread by Danish imams contained 3 additional (highly offensive) drawings not published by the Jyllands-Posten. I conclude that the Al-Jazeera piece, when factual in nature and non-inflammatory, seems more interested in presenting the reaction of the Muslim world as well as the threats made by them, when ignoring the Western point of view. There seemed to be an unusual emphasis on the negative incidents such as attacks and boycotts that has occurred as a result of the backlash against the cartoons. BBC The report by the BBC is by far the most accurate and objective. It presents inconsistencies on the actions and words on both parties (the Danish media and the Danish imams who incited the controversy), reporting in detail how an editor of the Jyllands-Posten rejected cartoons of Jesus Christ with the reason that they would offend. Impressively, the particular section also included (in brackets) a update in which a reader pointed out that the paper did publish a cartoon of the biblical Joseph in 2000, and thus queries why the paper should be criticized over the rejection of the Jesus Christ cartoons, finally ending with the editor’s (of the BBC report) explanation of why the inconsistency was still valid. A detailed account of how the initial cartoons failed to spark any major outrage, until a group of Danish imams made concentrated efforts to spark a controversy by adding 3 cartoons which were highly offensive and insulting (more so that the original cartoons) and were not published by the Jyllands-Posten to a portfolio and touring various Middle Eastern Arab leaders with them follows. The report finally ends with a reflection of the viewpoints and the reaction of both sides. I was very impressed with the objectivity of the reports, and the lengths to which the writer went to portray the inconsistencies of both parties. Washington Post The report by the Washington Post is reminiscent of that by Al-Jazeera; non-inflammatory, factual in nature, no underlying propaganda or strong language, and drawing from a wide variety of sources. However, whereas Al-Jazeera’s report focused solely on the reaction of the Muslim world, Washington Post report carried a fair balance of the reactions of both the Western world and the Muslim world. There was a balance in the strength of the opinions and announcements from both side, and hence I find the Washington Post more balanced and objective, although the BBC outshines the Washington Post in this aspect. Works Cited Reynolds, Paul. Cartoons: Divisions and inconsistencies.   BBC. Monday 13th February 2006 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4708216.stm Fury Grows Over Denmark Cartoons. Al-Jazeera.net. Tuesday 31st January 2006. Sullivan, Kevin. Muslims' Fury Rages Unabated Over Cartoons. The Washington Post. Saturday 11th February, 2006. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/10/AR2006021001822.html ;

A Comparison Primark Vs Woolworths Marketing Essay

A Comparison Primark Vs Woolworths Marketing Essay In this report, we aim to compare and contrast the strategic planning and moves of two retail giants- Primark from Ireland and Woolworths from United Kingdom. Since both deal in the same domain and merchandise, their operation, processes and strategies provide a solid and a relevant ground for conducting strategic management studies. This will help in not only applying the theoretical concepts to some practical entity, but also in honing the skills to adopt a visionary outlook to perform future strategic planning. An overview of Primark History- Primark Stores Ltd. is a clothing retail giant with its headquarters based in Dublin, Ireland (34 stores). Its operations extend to Netherlands (1 store), Spain (8 stores), Germany (2 stores), United Kingdom (125 stores) and Portugal. Primark trades under the name of Penneys in Ireland and the entire chain is an ancillary of Associated British Foods. Products- Primark operates majorly as a clothing retailer with apparels and garments for eve ry age, size and group. Being a subsidiary, its merchandise id specifically built and not sold at other retail counters. As such, it has been able to create a brand of its own in apparels and clothing items. Its brands include women wear, girls wear, footwear, baby wear, menswear- both formal and casual, clothing accessories, cosmetics, young and old boys wear, lingerie, cheap items, luggage, home items, night wear and beach wear also. In a nutshell, you can find garments and clothes for almost any occasion or moment. Departments- as a logical move, since Primark deals in such a huge variety of merchandise, it has different departments in place, all under separate supervision which shows the clarity of its strategy and controlling function. The departments in Primark Stores Ltd. are health and beauty, hosiery, footwear, home ware, gift wear, menswear, children wear, accessories, women wear and nightwear. In all, there is a separate department handling an individual set of apparels. Evolution- originally Primark was established as a clothing store by Arthur Ryan and Micaela Mitchell in 1969. With piling success in apparel business, registering huge profits and elated at elevated gross income levels, both the partners decided to expand and open up new stores in local and regional areas. The success mantra of Primark is catering to the budget end of the market segment. Their strategy is to provide fashion clothing at reasonable prices. Their apparel designs are simple, made on simple fabric but are branded as of high quality and to fashion conscious young individuals below the age of 35. Recognition- Primark has been ranked as the second largest clothing retailer by TNS in terms of sales volume and has also received the â€Å"Best Value High Street Fashion† by GMTV. Primark’s business structure and management Primark’s business structure embarks not only upon clothing but other apparel and clothing accessories, which in a sense adds on to the diversity of the retail store. Its store operations are simply and efficiently managed by a dedicated team of professionals. Each store is managed by a manager to control and oversee the business operations. There are different levels of hierarchy within store management where big stores have managers and small or medium ones have deputy or assistant manager. There are separate sales floor officers for looking after cashiers, customer’s desks and support teams.

Colomo Vs Bonds - What Sexual Harassment Really Is Essay

Colomo Vs Bonds - What Sexual Harassment Really Is - Essay Example Colomo’s mother then called the two students and in the process reprimanded Fuller for his actions as well as advising Victoria to avoid Fuller and ensure she does not walk alone on the campus. Fuller had also confronted Victoria twice which had led to his suspension from the school, and Victoria was assigned with an escort. Further measures were also taken to ensure that the students used separate ways and also had separate measures. Colomo’s mother also brought this point forward claiming that the school had been indifferent when dealing with the first case that had been brought forward. Under this, the courts ruled that if the ‘harasser’ acted in a way that makes the ‘harasser’ be denied of the rights to proper education, school management and the board would have acted indifferently if they had full awareness of the happenings of the case. However, the student had maintained stable grades since the case was based on the victim’s moth er believes that the school acted indifferently in solving the matter; hence, the case was thrown out for lack of evidence. Colomo’s mother was of the opinion that her daughter was being deprived of the educational opportunities which she was supposed to be accorded. In this case, the issue was in relation to the sexual harassment on the part of students against each other. To a greater extent, the court served to point out what constituted this sexual harassment. The decision which was reached by the court did not surmount a case. Instead, the case was dismissed. It was put that the conduct of the school was not â€Å"severe, pervasive and objectively offensive† to an extent that it can constitute a violation of the Title IX. It might have been probable that the victim mother acted in terms of her own intuition. In this case, her actions were orchestrated by her sympathy concern for her daughter.  Ã‚  

Geology and the Glacial History of the SW British Columbia Region Research Paper

Geology and the Glacial History of the SW British Columbia Region - Research Paper Example A geological chart of the SW province illustrates the numerous diverse rock types arranged in a complex pattern, for example, the map specifics show intrusive igneous rocks, which are characteristically coarse crystalline in nature. Regardless of the differences in mineralogical composition, these plutonic rock types tend to be related to a specific kind of terrain. These different rock types are structured in a complex range of simple stocks to the huge multi faceted batholith of the Coast Mountains. These means that the rocks in the SW region are comparatively resilient to weathering as they are comprised mainly of tough minerals made of quartz, hornblende, and feldspar structured as a unified fabric of interconnecting crystals. Consequently, inclines on these rock landforms are usually steep making the topography rugged. Glacially fashioned cliffs survive with little alteration, particularly in enormous or thinly jointed rocks. Joints and faults establish outlines of weakness and are shadowed by cliffs, gorges, and depressions. A brief description of tectonic history is essential in understanding the SW province since the key topographic structures of the region are tectonically managed and numerous mountainous ranges owe their current high altitude to recent fault uplift and not resistance to erosion. Tectonics is established as the major architectural forces in the SW province of British Colombia. Southwestern British Columbia known is also recognized as one of the most seismically lively regions in Canada.

Bottled Water Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bottled Water Industry - Case Study Example In 1990, it was found that Perrier bottles contains Benzene contents which are poisonous and even though Perrier assured it was a minor mistake done during operations, people didn't believe and had to reposition their brand after calling back 160 million dollars worth of sale. Perrier then introduced the lime and lemon flavors, and to introduce new stuff, they have also introduced Grape mint flavor after 2000. The bottled water boom was actually an unpredicted and strange phenomenon because the demand rose when Britain was at a height of recession, but now that it is mature and people are consuming it, there is cut-throat competition to capture the 1 million Euros per day market (second-opinions.co.uk). The UK market for natural bottled water has grown by 54% between 1993 and 1997, with volume sales reaching 804 million lt and worth an estimated 402 million pounds sterling. Still mineral water sales amount to 504 million lt in 1997, representing 62.6% of the market, with sparkling water sales estimated at 300 million lt. Premier Waters, with its Evian and Voltic brands, leads the branded market with a 17.6% share. The mineral waters market is forecast to reach volume sales of 1.42 billion lt by 2002, worth 493.6 million pounds sterling (faqs.org). Spokeswoman for P... This resulted in Perrier having 5.7% of total market share in bottled water market and it was ranked third, with Arrowhead and Sparkletts at number 1 and 2 respectively. Unlike most of the similar products that promote health and safety through the water, Perrier shows the way to be cool and target youth. The restaurant chains make a big time business for Perrier as the brand is widely used and even after so many ups and downs with the brand, it still remains at the top with a relatively good image. Perrier's sales in 1987 were 180 million Euros and they captured 40% of the market that year (books.google.com). Although the UK government and the ministry has tried several times to tell people that tap water is as safe as mineral water and they should not spend Euros on it, but nothing helped and people still use it in a large quantity. The market has now grown to more than 92 mineral water producers and another 30+ flavored mineral water producers. Most of the companies market themselves as a drink that is a family need, with sophistication and love. On the other hand, only Strathmore water and Perrier markets itself as a cool and chilling drink for the youth which should be taken on beaches and events. The most common observation is the sport event sponsoring done by most of the companies. Highland Spring sponsored UK cycling marathon held in January 2010 and British tennis in November 2009 (highland-spring.com), similarly Buxton water called itself 'the official water of England cricket'. This shows that there is a cut throat competition and companies are constantly trying to be at the to p by spending millions on advertising and promotional campaigns. Deside water even announced that they have scientifically proven that