Food Contamination Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Center for Disease control has estimated that illnesses directly resulting from food contamination cause approximately 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths each year in the United States. The rise of food-related illnesses can be mostly attributed to increased eating out. Half of every dollar spent on food in this country is spend on food prepared outside of the home. As the amount of people involved preparing our food rises, so does the risk of contracting an illness from food (Levitt). The people at the greatest risk are the elderly, infants, pregnant women, and those with immune disorders; this high risk group comprises 25 percent of the US population. (Who).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To prevent food contamination, the food must be handled carefully, and not be placed in any condition that would promote bacterial growth. Those who have a job that involves preparing and serving food have the responsibility to protect those whom they handle the food for (Cliver). Food poisoning results from the growth of certain bacteria, and is a concern of the business as well as the consumer. A single case of food poisoning can instantly cause a restaurant to no longer exist. To prevent contamination which might result in illness, chopping boards should be sanitized thoroughly and frequently. The employees’ hands should also be washed regularly. It is acceptable to handle raw food with bare hands, however with cooked or ready to eat food disposable gloves or other utensils such as spoons, spatulas, or tongs should be used. Latex gloves should be changed at least once every hour or if they become torn or contaminated. It is never acceptable to reuse glov es after they have been removed once (Public Health).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A common source of food poisoning is cross contamination. This occurs when raw food mixes with cooked food (Hollingsworth). It can happen when the same utensil or surface is used in food preparation. Fecal Materials can also contaminate food before it reaches the one who prepares it (â€Å"E. Coli Now†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most common causes of food poisoning is Campylobacter bacteria, manifesting 8 million cases and 800 deaths each year (Cliver). It is the leading cause of diarrheal illness in the United States, and responsible for five to fourteen percent of all diarrheal illness wo... ...p;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lurk In Food.† 1999. 18 Jan. 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ARS News and Information. Doris Stanley Lowe. â€Å"Food Irradiation and Chlorine Team Up to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kill E. coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella† 1999. 18 Jan. 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   U.S. Department of Agriculture. FSIS. â€Å"HACCP Implementation: First Year Salmonella Test   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Results.† 1999. 17 Jan. 2001. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. â€Å"Preventing Foodborne Illness: Listeriosis.† 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Jan. 2001. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. â€Å"Listeriosis.† 2000. 18 Jan 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Electric Library. â€Å"HHS Initiaties to Reduce Foodborne Illness.† 1999. 18 Jan. 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Hypothesis through research Essay

Introduction This investigation aims to find the value of Young’s Modulus for a specific material, in this case nylon fishing line. Young’s Modulus (E) is a measure of a material’s stiffness, determined by the formula: The standard unit of measure for Young’s Modulus is the pascal (Pa). 1 pascal is the same measure as 1 Nm-2 (Nm being Newton Metre). A material always retains the same Young’s Modulus value regardless of how much it is stretched or strained, and this should be revealed in this investigation by gathering a definite value of the modulus for nylon. Hypothesis Through research that I conducted before starting the investigation, I have determined that the correct Young’s Modulus value of Nylon lies in the range 1-7GPa (the large range being due to different make-ups of Nylon with it being a compound). I should therefore be looking at achieving a final result within or very close to this range. Since stress is proportionate to strain in the Young’s Modulus formula, and the modulus value remains the same, I would expect the value of stress and strain to proportionally increase with each other. Experiment Plan In order to carry out this investigation into the value of Young’s Modulus of nylon, I will conduct an experiment to gather the values of stress and strain when increasing force is added to the material, and will take readings as weight increases until the breaking point of the nylon is reached. In order to calculate stress and strain, I will need to record each of the following variables throughout the experiment: Force applied to the material [F] (Newtons/N) Area of a cross-section of the material [A] (Metres-squared/m2). Original length of the material [Lo] (Metres/m) Amount of extension when the force is applied [L] (Metres/m) These variables will then allow the values of stress and strain to be calculated using the following formulas: This leads to a final Young’s Modulus calculation formula of: The set-up I will be using to carry out this experiment consists of the nylon fishing line suspended from a stand using a clamp, and another clamp to ensure there is no movement in the stand itself. I will create a suitable loop at the bottom of the hanging material so that weights can be added but will need to ensure this loop does not weaken any area of the material and cause a drop in the breaking point value, as this would compromise the reliability of my experiment and result in premature breakage of the length of nylon. At each stage of the experiment I will take readings of length using a standard 1m ruler, and will measure the area of a cross section by gathering the diameter value using a micrometer, halving this value to gather radius and then use the formula. Before any weights are added, I will need to take a control measurement of the length and area of the nylon before any stress or strain is applied. Once this is done I will proceed to apply weight in intervals of 100g (0. 981 N) and record the values of each variable stated at bottom of the previous page after each 100g weight is added, with the exception of original length which is a constant value and only needs to be recorded at the beginning of the experiment. I will continue to add weights until the material reaches its elastic limit and snaps, at which point I will record the force applied to break the object. In order to achieve an adequate number of results from each experiment to make a fair analysis and conclusion to the investigation, I will need to take a minimum of eight readings (i. e the nylon should withstand at least 800g/7. 849N). If this fails in the actual experiment then I will need to re-evaluate my plan and decide on a new method of conducting the experiment to meet this criteria. To increase reliability, accuracy and to eliminate possible anomalous results, I will aim to repeat the entire experiment three times to gather average readings.

Actionable Recommendation Communication Is The Market...

Actionable Recommendation: Communication My recommendation for this issue is the whole group sitting down like they were, but each member discusses and makes their points of the idea. Each person gives their input on introducing online gaming and how it will affect the market? How can we fund the project? What are our goals? What is the market like for online gaming? Would it be smarter to just outsource the whole project? Can we train our staff to run the project? After taking a long serious look at online gaming as a group instead of passing it off to one person, they should make a decision and forward. Issue Week 2: Poor Delegation Warren, Nick’s boss, has proven by our observation over the past two weeks his ineptitude to†¦show more content†¦A serious drawback for running projects in this operating environment is that they often must be layered, or applied on top of the ongoing duties of members of functional groups† (Pinto, 2013). This is another area of concern when considering delegation; what areas of responsibility may be compromised by other tasks and primary duties required of the people you expect to deliver finished tasks being taken away to perform their duties outside of the project/program implementation? Issue Week 2: Faulty Project Management From the outset of deciding that CanGo will invest in the online gaming platform and community, there is little to no direction. The mandate from executive leadership is too simply to create this online gaming platform to be launched on a specified date. Actionable Recommendation: Faulty Project Management The first area of concern is market research and understanding through the verifiable fact that there is money to be made, backed up with statistics and proving that there is money to be made and that CanGo has the capability to deliver unique differentiation. 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